2019-4-9 · Tata Steel, the phosphorus content required in the product is 0''020% max and in some grades, it is restricted to 0.015 % max. Various control strategies evolved to make low phosphorus steel at Tata Steel are discussed in the paper. The major steps which have significantly reduced the phosphorus levels are described.
The phosphorus partition between the unkilled liquid crude steel and the high basicity (CaO/SiO2 = 4.2), basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slags with varying compositions of Al2O3, TiO2, and MnO is ...
2021-11-14 · Steel-making: the basic oxygen process. Impurities in the iron from the Blast Furnace include carbon, sulphur, phosphorus and silicon. These have to be removed. Removal of sulphur. Sulphur has to be removed first in a separate process. Magnesium powder is blown through the molten iron and the sulphur reacts with it to form magnesium sulphide ...
2014-6-13 · Calcium oxide also plays an important part in the Basic Oxygen Steelmaking furnace.Here it helps to remove impurities such as phosphorus and sulphur from the steel. Phosphorus is a non-metal and produces an acidic oxide, P 2 O 5 the BOS furnace P 2 O 5 combines with the basic calcium oxide to make calcium phosphate. This forms part of a molten slag which collects on the surface of the ...
2017-8-30 · -6-1392Webster W. R, 1893Dudley,P. H Testsonsteelwith 0.18^.Pincreases 800lb.per0.014>P Glimits0.07to tensilestrength at0.07 rfoCand 1500lb.per0.01
2018-7-10 · good results for the removal of the phosphorus from the steel. ... The Ladle treatment was used to remove phosphorus from the melt. ii. The process was designed for simultaneous removal of sulfur and phosphorus. ... 2. The phosphorus and sulfur can be eliminated simultaneously from the ductile iron melt by use of this process. 3.
2012-5-31 · The most popular method of desulfurization is removal of sulfur from molten steel to the basic reducing slag. Basic slag is a slag containing mainly basic oxides: CaO, MgO, MnO, FeO. A typical basic slag consists of 35-60% CaO + MgO, 10-25% FeO, 15-30% SiO 2, 5-20% MnO. Transition of sulfur from steel to slag may be presented by the chemical equation: [S] + (CaO) = (CaS) + [O] The …
2021-10-11 · The basic tasks of steelmaking are decarburization, dephosphorization, desulfurization, and deoxygenation, removing harmful gases and non-metallic inclusions, raising the temperature, and adjusting the composition of the molten steel. Oxygen supply, slagging, stirring, and alloying are the means to complete the task of steelmaking.
2020-4-9 · able for both BF-BOF and EAF steel-making. However, sulphur removal is less of an issue in the EAF process, since its raw materials (scrap, direct reduced iron) contain less sulphur than therawmaterialsoftheBF-BOFprocess (iron ore, coke and coal)1,4. Sulphur distribution flow To get an overview of the sulphur input and output throughout the BF-BOF
Steels usually contain at least 0.30% manganese because it assists in the deoxidation of the steel, prevents the formation of iron sulfide and inclusions, and promotes greater strength by increasing the hardenability of the steel. Amounts of up to 1.5% can be found in some carbon steels. Chromium. Chromium is a powerful alloying element in steel.
2015-10-13 · Steel in general is an alloy of carbon and iron, it does contain many other elements, some of which are retained from the steel making process, other elements are …
2017-10-25 · phosphorus iron ore impurities – pakistan crusher,stone crusher …. Gulin machine in iron ore processing plant, phosphorus iron ore impurities. … reduce the waste of the stone, ease to remove, ease to maintain, predigest the process.. Click & Chat Now
Steelmaking Overview. Steelmaking is the second step in producing steel from iron ore. In this stage, impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, and excess carbon are removed from the raw iron, and alloying elements such as manganese, nickel, chromium, and …
Thermodynamics of Phosphorus and Sulphur Removal during Basic Oxygen Steelmaking. S. Basu, Corresponding Author. [email protected] ; Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur 831001, India. Tata Steel Ltd., Jamshedpur 831001, India.Search for more papers by this author. S. Seetharaman, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 100 44, Sweden. Search ...
2014-9-23 · Sulphur in Steels. Sulphur (S) (atomic number 16 and atomic weight 32.066) has density of 2.05 gm/cc. Monoclinic S melts at 119.25 deg C and boils at 444.6 deg C. However, S and iron (Fe) are miscible, and Fe-S binary system at one atmosphere of …
2018-6-28 · Section 1.5 details the impact of phosphorus on steel. Usually, the phosphorus content of HM is in the range of 0.4 -1.0% and however, the demand of content in steel is around 0.025% or lower. The main sources of phosphorus in steelmaking are iron ore and coke, while some phosphorus is also added by additives, however, most of the phosphorus is ...
Request PDF | Removal of Phosphorous from Steel Produced by Melting Sponge Iron in Induction Furnace | In secondary route of steelmaking, production through induction melting furnace contributes ...
2012-10-4 · clarifier), a dose of 1.0 mole of aluminum or iron per mole of phosphorus is sufficient. For lower phosphorus concentrations in the range of 0.3 – 1.0 mg/L, the dose can be in the range of 1.2 to 4.0 moles aluminum or iron per mole of phosphorus. The pH value is an important factor for efficient removal of phosphorus using alum or other
2016-5-17 · The sulfur content of iron ore concentrates is generally about 0.5% to 2%, and sometimes more than 0.7%, while the permitted limit of steel industries is 0.1% (Soltanmohammadi et al., 2011).
Steel is the common name for a large family of iron alloys which are easily malleable after the molten stage. Steels are commonly made from iron ore, coal, and limestone. When these raw materials are put into the blast furnace, the result is a "pig iron" which has a composition of iron, carbon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon.
2013-3-22 · The main raw materials used are steel scrap, cast iron and sponge iron. In India, majority of the induction furnaces are operated using acidic lining of silica based ramming mass to produce structural steel where basicity cannot be maintained to remove phosphorous and sulphur.
Phosphorus in steel can have beneficial as well as harmful effects. Phosphorus is one of the most potent solid-solution strengtheners of ferrite. The addition of only 0.17% phosphorus increases both the yield and tensile strength of low-carbon sheet steel by about 62 MPa (9 ksi) while also improving the bake hardening response and deep drawability.
steel grades that require sulphur). Sulphur increases the brit-tleness of steel and decreases the weldability and corrosion resistance [6,7]. Therefore sulphur needs to be removed, to typically below 0.015%. The main source of sulphur in the BF-BOF steelmaking process comes from coke. Even though roughly 40% of the sulphur in coal is removed in ...
2021-3-10 · 2a. Extraction of Iron in a blast furnace. Sadly, now shut down! Raw Materials:. Iron Ore e.g. haematite ore (iron(III) oxide) the source of iron.. Fe 2 O 3; or magnetite ore. Fe 3 O 4; coke (carbon, C), both fuel and reducing agent.; hot air (for the oxygen in it) to burn the coke. O 2; limestone (calcium carbonate) to remove certain impurities like silica.
2017-2-2 · Dephosphorisation of Induction Melted steel The manufacture of coal based DRI began in India in 1984 in the units set up by SIIL and OSIL. The trials with the possibilities of making DRI using ...
2015-9-10 · The production of steel in an EAF is a batch process. Cycles, or "heats", range from about 1-1/2 to 5 hours to produce carbon steel and from 5 to 10 hours or more to produce alloy steel. Scrap steel is charged to begin a cycle, and alloying agents and slag materials are added for refining. Stages
2017-4-19 · Steel of 0.51 per cent, carbon with varying sulphur contents was rolled into 100-lb. rails. Tensile and drop tests were made. There was a slight decrease in the tensile strength in the high-sulphur rails, but an increase in ductility as shown by the elongation in both the tensile and drop tests.
2021-11-12 · Sulfur (S): Sulfur is a nonmetallic element found mainly in volcanic and sedimentary deposits. Sulfur, in the form of iron sulfide, can cause steel to be too porous and prone to cracking.
The invention provides a method for recovering (collecting) iron and phosphorus from steelmaking slag, which includes a first step in which phosphorus-containing steelmaking slag such as dephosphorization slag is reduced using a reducing agent containing for example carbon, Si or Al to reduce iron oxide and phosphorus oxide in the slag and to recover them as phosphorus-containing molten iron ...
2020-4-9 · The main source of sulphur in the BF-BOF steelmaking process comes from coke. Even though roughly 40% of the sulphur in coal is removed in the coking …
2004-10-16 · The need to increase the output of steel with a sulfur content no higher than 0.008–0.010% and the need to produce special steels with a sulfur content no greater than 0.005% are making it necessary to operate converters with liquid pig iron having …